Jobs in Pontiac, MI

This facility is seeking a Hematology - Oncology Physician for locum tenens support as they look to fill a current need. 

Details and requirements for this opportunity:

•u0009Schedule: Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 8a-4:30p

•u0009Practice Setting: Outpatient

•u0009Type of cases and required procedures: Standard Hematology/Oncology cases

•u0009Credentialing timeframe: 60+ Days

•u0009EMR: Cerner

•u0009Certifications required: Must have Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

•u0009Licensure required: Must have active Michigan license

AMN Healthcare is a digitally enabled workforce solutions partner focused on solving the biggest challenges affecting healthcare organizations today. We offer a single-partner approach to optimize labor sources, increase operating margins, and provide technologies to expand the reach of care.

Akkodis is seeking a Design Release Engineer for a Contract 12+ Months job with a client in Auburn Hills, MI.

Rate Range: $40/hour to $42/hour; on W2. The rate may be negotiable based on experience, education, geographic location, and other factors.

Design Release Engineer

Interface with cross functional team to design and develop functional solutions that achieve design requirements & to ensure proper design interfaces with other components, and all requirements are met.

Work with other functions Design / Releasing teams to ensure consistency in requirements, standards, and practices across programs.

Translate Functional Objectives into technical requirements and solutions

Create and analyze alternative design concepts

Integrating system components

Support Benchmarking of competitive vehicles.

Desired Qualifications:

Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and or MBA from an ABET accredited university (or equivalent).

Experience developing Performance Standards, Creating master sections and Surface feasibility proposal for PDO.

NX and Teamcenter knowledge.

Automotive Interior Product Design components/systems.

If you are interested in this role, then please click APPLY NOW. For other opportunities available at Akkodis, or any questions, feel free to contact me at (61 ) or ( ).

Equal Opportunity Employer/Veterans/Disabled

Benefit offerings available for our associates include medical, dental, vision, life insurance, short-term disability, additional voluntary benefits, an EAP program, commuter benefits, and a 401K plan. Our benefit offerings provide employees the flexibility to choose the type of coverage that meets their individual needs. In addition, our associates may be eligible for paid leave including Paid Sick Leave or any other paid leave required by Federal, State, or local law, as well as Holiday pay where applicable. Disclaimer: These benefit offerings do not apply to client-recruited jobs and jobs that are direct hires to a client.

To read our Candidate Privacy Information Statement, which explains how we will use your information, please visit Company will consider qualified applicants with arrest and conviction records in accordance with federal, state, and local laws and/or security clearance requirements, including, as applicable:

· The California Fair Chance Act

· Los Angeles City Fair Chance Ordinance

· Los Angeles County Fair Chance Ordinance for Employers

• · San Francisco Fair Chance Ordinance

Note – HIL commissioning experience is required

Virtual HIL Commissioning Engineer

Location: Auburn Hills, MI (Onsite)

Rate: $35/hr.w2 (max)

JD:

The Virtual Test Engineer is responsible for delivering a stable and representative test environment to perform automated testing and functional integration of distributed features. This engineer should be capable of working with various Engineering Support teams including systems, wiring, design release engineers, and software teams as required to validate electrical features on the bench and resolve any electrical issues before it gets to production to support successful vehicle launch. Responsibilities include:

• Identify system boundaries and define requirements for simulator I/O, instrumentation, and automation solutions

• Define test scope and instrumentation strategies

• Model, Simulate powertrain features

• Help with commissioning of features related to transmission, engine and other powertrain module

• Collaborates with core engineers, suppliers, feature experts and test engineers to design, implement and troubleshoot instrumentation as required

• Review component level electrical schematics and functional specifications and translate the requirements into hardware and signal requirements for virtual implementation

• Validate and troubleshoots simulator and maintain test benches

• Troubleshoots vehicle systems and test environment functionality to minimize false positive incident reports

What you need for this position:

Basic Qualifications:

• Bachelor of Science in Electrical, Computer Engineering or Computer Science

• Relevant automotive experience

• Knowledge of CAN based communication and diagnostic tools – Vector CANalyzer/CANoe

• Proficient with Modeling

• Good knowledge and understanding of DSpace Tools – config desk, automation desk, control desk etc..

• Proficiency in the understanding of embedded controller networks (CAN, LIN)

Preferred Qualifications:

• Familiarity with development and verification of plant and control models in Matlab/Simulink for execution in hardware in the loop test environments

• Experience with dSpace hardware architecture, design, setup, and troubleshooting

• Bench functional integration, test execution, measuring and instrumentation experience

About Us

Contemporary Amperex Technology (USA), Inc. (CATU) is a U.S. subsidiary of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited (CATL), a global leader in the research, development and manufacturing of advanced electric vehicle and energy storage batteries. Established in Michigan in 2017, CATU has played a critical role in advancing electric mobility and energy resilience in the U.S.

Our Vision

To become a globally leading innovative technology corporation, contribute meaningfully to sustainable energy solutions, and provide a platform that supports both the professional and personal growth of our employees.

Location: Auburn Hills, Michigan, United States，Onsite

Job Overview

The Compliance Counsel will play a critical role in supporting the legal and regulatory integrity of the company’s U.S. operations. The role will focus on monitoring and analyzing legislative and regulatory developments, supporting trade compliance and tariff management, and advising internal stakeholders on compliance risks and best practices. This attorney will serve as a resource to the legal and business teams and will be expected to collaborate cross-functionally with operations, logistics, supply chain, government affairs, and global compliance teams.

This is not a lobbying role; however, the successful candidate must be highly attuned to evolving legal landscapes, especially in the areas of import/export controls, trade regulations, industrial policy, environmental law, and energy regulation.

Key Responsibilities

Regulatory and Legislative Monitoring

• Track, analyze, and summarize relevant federal and state legislative and regulatory developments affecting the battery manufacturing, EV, and energy storage sectors.
• Prepare regular updates and risk assessments for internal stakeholders, including the Head of Legal, U.S., and business unit leaders.
• Collaborate with government affairs and external advisors to ensure accurate monitoring and understanding of evolving U.S. regulatory priorities (e.g., DOE, EPA, DOT, FERC, CFIUS, USITC, CBP, USTR).

Trade Compliance and Tariff Management

• Advise on U.S. import/export laws and regulations, including compliance with:
• Export Administration Regulations (EAR)
• International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)
• Customs regulations administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
• Tariff classification and country-of-origin rules
• Monitor and interpret trade remedies and actions such as Section 301 tariffs, AD/CVD duties, and Section 232 measures.
• Provide legal support for the preparation and maintenance of product classifications, license applications, voluntary disclosures, and corrective actions as needed.
• Support the company’s participation in the U.S. regulatory processes related to tariffs, including exclusion requests and enforcement proceedings.

Compliance Program Development

• Assist in developing, implementing, and refining the company’s U.S. compliance policies and procedures in alignment with global compliance standards and U.S. legal requirements.
• Conduct internal training and awareness programs on relevant compliance topics, such as anti-corruption, sanctions, supply chain transparency, and trade compliance.
• Partner with internal audit and other functions to conduct periodic compliance reviews and investigations.
• Monitor and advise on antitrust and competition law issues, including pricing practices, distribution arrangements, joint ventures, and interactions with competitors, to ensure compliance with U.S. federal and state antitrust laws (e.g., Sherman Act, Clayton Act, FTC Act). Provide training and guidance to business units to mitigate antitrust risks.

Cross-Functional Legal Support

• Serve as a legal advisor to cross-functional teams on compliance-related issues that intersect with commercial agreements, procurement, operations, logistics, and regulatory filings.
• Collaborate with external legal counsel and advisors on complex trade or regulatory matters.
• Work with global colleagues to harmonize compliance practices and ensure consistent interpretation of global regulatory obligations.

Minimum Qualifications

Education and Licensure

• Juris Doctor (JD) from an accredited law school.
• Active membership in good standing with at least one U.S. state bar (with ability to qualify under Michigan in-house counsel rules).

Professional Experience

• Minimum 5 years of experience practicing law, including at least 3 years of in-house or law firm experience with a focus on compliance, trade law, or regulatory law.
• Prior experience advising manufacturing clients or clients in the energy or automotive sectors is strongly preferred.
• Strong working knowledge of U.S. trade laws, customs procedures, and industrial policy instruments (e.g., Inflation Reduction Act, CHIPS Act, Buy American Act).
• Experience advising clients on compliance with export control regulations and sanctions laws.

Skills and Attributes

• Strong analytical, research, and problem-solving skills.
• Excellent written and verbal communication skills, including the ability to translate complex legal requirements into clear guidance.
• Proactive, detail-oriented, and capable of managing multiple priorities in a fast-paced environment.
• Able to work independently and as part of a collaborative, international legal team.
• High ethical standards and commitment to compliance integrity.

Preferred Qualifications

• Mandarin Chinese language skills (written and/or spoken) are a plus but not required.
• Familiarity with legal frameworks related to sustainability disclosures, ESG regulations, or responsible sourcing standards.
• Demonstrated experience and successes supporting companies undergoing rapid growth or regulatory transformation.

Compensation & Benefits

• Competitive salary commensurate with experience and qualifications.
• Comprehensive benefits package, including medical, dental, and vision coverage.
• 401(k) retirement plan with company match.
• Paid time off and company holidays.
• Professional development and growth opportunities.

Work Environment & Physical Requirements

• This is a hybrid role based in Auburn Hills, Michigan, with a minimum in-office presence of 3-4 days per week.
• Occasional domestic and international travel (less than 10%) may be required.
• Regular, predictable on-site attendance is an essential function of this role.
• Ability to move throughout offices, manufacturing facilities, and construction areas, including walking, standing, bending, kneeling, and climbing stairs or ladders.
• Ability to lift and carry materials weighing up to 25–50 pounds, with occasional heavier lifting as required, with or without reasonable accommodation.
• Ability to work in varied environments, including offices, industrial, and construction settings.
• Willingness to travel to other job sites as business needs require.
• Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions of the position, in accordance with applicable law.

Equal Employment Opportunity

CATU is an Equal Opportunity Employer. We do not discriminate based on race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, national origin, age, disability, protected veteran status, or any other legally protected characteristic.

Employment Disclaimer

This job description is not intended to be an exhaustive list of duties, responsibilities, or qualifications. CATU reserves the right to modify, revise, or add job responsibilities as business needs evolve. Employment with CATU is at-will, meaning either the employee or the Company may terminate the employment relationship at any time, with or without cause or notice, in accordance with applicable law.

Export Control & Data Security Compliance

This position may involve access to sensitive systems or information subject to U.S. export control and data security regulations. Employment is contingent upon the employee’s ability to comply with applicable laws and company policies related to data protection and controlled information access.

Reporting to the Director of Operations, this role is responsible for managing individual

projects to include all aspects of planning and execution from the time an order is received

to the time payment is received from the customer. This role will be the direct point of

contact for all project inquiries/updates for their specific projects, both internal and external.

Planning, organizing, coordinating, reporting and ensuring on-time and on-budget

completion of their own projects are essential duties of the Project Manager.

Goals

• Achieve lead time and cost targets for contracts.

• Strive for department deliverables to be right the first time.

• Deliver a service experience that exceeds our customers’ expectations.

Measurements

• Profit & Margin on assigned contracts.

• On Time Delivery to Revenue Projections.

• Quality of Work (Reduction of Errors).

Principle Duties

• Provide direct, day-to-day management of assigned projects and meet regularly with

various team members to ensure projects and essential activities are on track. Deliver

regular reporting to management, direct reports and team members as required.

• Determine priorities consistent with planned capacity, identify resource requirements,

facilitate contract performance reviews, and ensure competencies and performance

metrics are met while providing oversight to assure that schedules are maintained and

achieved.

• Responsible for managing assigned contracts and delivering projects on time, at

budget, ensuring all contract specific requirements are met.

• Develop and maintain monthly and quarterly revenue forecasts.

• Clearly define and communicate the customer’s expectations regarding delivery, quality,

product performance, technical requirements, document submittals, agency approvals,

communications, reporting, witness / hold points, packaging, testing, shipment, and

Role Summary

Job Description and Duties

payment.

• Provides regular status reports to management containing assessments of contract

status relative to cost, delivery, customer submittals, and risk.

• Maintain a clear understanding of the material types and grades being ordered in the

BOM, including the applicable specifications, code requirements, safety class and other

pertinent requirements.

• Maintain control of costs in accordance with the original estimate to ensure achievement

of quoted contribution margin. Managing contribution margin is a key responsibility and

must be communicated to the Director of Operations if a significant change occurs or is

anticipated.

• Develop & manage an individual project schedule to coordinate customer progress

updates, including milestone achievements. Review and provide guidance schedules,

develop, manage and display relevant KPIs for the team’s performance.

• Follow the Operation Procedures per our QA Manual.

• Other related duties as required.

Work Environment

The work environment characteristics described here are representative of those an

employee encounters while performing the essential functions of the job. Reasonable

accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform essential

functions.

• Employee may work near moving mechanical parts.

• Employee will be exposed to shop elements such as noise, dust, fumes and odors.

Minimum Qualifications

• Due to Federal Contract requirements, US Citizenship is required for this position.

• Bachelor’s Degree preferably in Engineering or Project Management.

• 3-5 years of related experience and/or training, or equivalent combination of

education and experience. Project Management Professional (PMP) preferred, but

not required.

• A strong team player with demonstrated leadership skills.

• Ability to successfully lead a diverse team, as well as organize and manage

multiple projects of varying complexity.

• Ability to read & interpret engineering drawings, standards and specifications.

• Ability to utilize available resources effectively to solve problems as they occur.

• Proficient in Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Project and Salesforce CRM.

• Strong interpersonal skills, both written and verbal. Exceptional attention to detail.

• Ability to work with and manage outside vendors.

• A highly motivated self-starter that works well without supervision.

Job Title: AUTOSAR Embedded Software Engineer

Location: Auburn Hills, MI

Employment Type: Full-Time

Role Overview

We are seeking an experienced AUTOSAR Embedded Software Engineer to join our Base Software (BSWE) team. This role focuses on development and configuration of AUTOSAR Basic Software layers, integration of middleware stacks, and implementation of functional safety concepts within safety-critical Electronic Control Units (ECUs).

The ideal candidate will have strong expertise in Classic AUTOSAR architecture, embedded C/C++ development, and low-level driver development for microcontrollers. This is a key technical role supporting next-generation automotive compute platforms and automated driving technologies.

Key Responsibilities

AUTOSAR Development & Configuration

• Develop and configure Classic AUTOSAR Basic Software modules (OS, COM, MEM, DIAG, etc.)
• Configure MCAL and integrate middleware stacks
• Work with RTE generation and BSW configuration tools
• Ensure compliance with AUTOSAR standards and specifications

Embedded Software Development

• Develop low-level drivers for MCU peripherals
• Implement multi-core architecture solutions
• Design and develop embedded software architectures
• Guide realization through the full development lifecycle (requirements to integration)

Functional Safety & Cybersecurity

• Integrate functional safety concepts (ISO 26262 exposure preferred)
• Support safety-critical software development processes
• Contribute to secure software design practices

Debugging & Integration

• Perform software integration and validation on target hardware
• Use compilers, emulators, debuggers, and other development tools
• Analyze and resolve complex software and system-level issues

Collaboration

• Actively contribute within cross-functional teams
• Communicate effectively with systems, hardware, and validation teams
• Participate in technical reviews and design discussions

Required Qualifications

• Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or related field
• 5+ years of embedded software development experience using C and/or C++
• Strong knowledge of Classic AUTOSAR architecture and concepts
• Hands-on experience with AUTOSAR stack modules (OS, COM, MEM, DIAG, etc.)
• Experience configuring AUTOSAR Basic Software
• Experience developing low-level MCU drivers
• Strong understanding of microcontrollers and multi-core architectures
• Knowledge of functional safety and cybersecurity concepts
• Experience with compilers, debuggers, and embedded development tools
• Strong analytical and debugging skills
• Excellent communication skills and team collaboration
• Passion for problem-solving and eagerness to learn

Preferred Qualifications

• Master’s degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, or related field
• 7+ years of embedded software development experience (Expert Level)
• Experience working on safety-critical automotive ECUs
• Exposure to automated driving compute platforms

We’re ALTEN Technology USA, an engineering company helping clients bring groundbreaking ideas to life—from advancing space exploration and life-saving medical devices to building autonomous electric vehicles. With 3,000+ experts across North America, we partner with leading companies in aerospace, medical devices, robotics, automotive, commercial vehicles, EVs, rail, and more.

As part of the global ALTEN Group—57,000+ engineers in 30 countries—we deliver across the entire product development cycle, from consulting to full project outsourcing.

When you join ALTEN Technology USA, you’ll collaborate on some of the world’s toughest engineering challenges, supported by mentorship, career growth opportunities, and comprehensive benefits. We take pride in fostering a culture where employees feel valued, supported, and inspired to grow.

The Junior Electrical Engineer will support the integration and coordination of vehicle electrical architecture, system specifications, documentation releases, and change management activities. The role involves assisting in requirements analysis, vehicle configuration (PROXI), and supporting early-stage vehicle builds at the assembly plant.

This position works closely with cross-functional teams to help ensure timely delivery of program milestones and electrical system integration activities.

Key Responsibilities

Responsibilities include, but are not limited to:

• Support cross-functional coordination to help meet program deliverables and timelines
• Review program timing, product plans, series cards, and bulletins; communicate updates to relevant teams
• Assist in reviewing investigation bulletins and collaborate with the EE team to provide technical feedback
• Support management of electrical deliverables within the vehicle program
• Participate in Post-2A risk mitigation meetings
• Support RAR (Red-Amber-Red) process activities
• Assist in creating and managing Project Specification Releases (Source Package, 1A, 2A, etc.)
• Help manage Post-2A change request (CR) lists for PWB integration loops
• Process and track specification change requests (CRs) in DOORS and other change management systems
• Support PROXI/Vehicle Configuration updates
• Assist during initial development vehicle builds at assembly plants
• Participate in electrical issue resolution meetings and program reviews

Basic Qualifications

• Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, or related field
• 1–3 years of automotive electrical engineering experience (or strong internship/co-op experience)
• Basic understanding of vehicle electrical systems and architecture
• Strong communication and presentation skills
• Ability to organize and document technical information clearly

Preferred Qualifications

• Master’s degree in Electrical or Mechanical Engineering (nice to have)
• Exposure to component releasing, validation, or system/vehicle testing
• Familiarity with assembly plant electrical test systems
• Understanding of change management processes
• Ability to work independently with guidance from senior engineers
• Comfortable interfacing with manufacturing/assembly plant teams

ALTEN Technology is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Our Policy is to extend opportunities to qualified applicants and employees on an equal basis regardless of an individual’s age, race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity/expression or veteran status.

Please beware of job seeker scams and see this important notice on our careers page for more information about our recruiting process.

Compliance Notice: Alten USA is a federal contractor subject to the requirements of the Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act (VEVRAA) and Executive Order 11246. We are an Equal Opportunity Employer and consider all qualified applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, or veteran status.

Drug Screening Requirement: As a federal contractor, Alten USA maintains a drug-free workplace. All candidates selected for employment will be required to successfully complete a pre-employment drug screening as a condition of hire.

About TNFC

The New Foster Care’s (TNFC) is a 501c (3) non-profit organization based out of Oakland County launched in 2016. TNFC is a faith-based organization committed to making transformative change within the Michigan foster care system and to creating measurable, meaningful impact on the lives of youth and emerging adults with lived experience in foster care.

We serve young people ages 14–29 through the Bridge Program, our comprehensive transitional support model that centers the young person as the driver of their own life plan. Participants work with a Transition Navigator, Peer Support Specialist, Personal Wellness Coach, and Attorney to address any issues hindering their progress and develop a strategy for success across six life domains: Education, Employment, Housing, Transportation, Mental & Physical Health, and Community Connection. Our work is grounded in relationship-based, trauma-informed, and strengths-focused practice, delivered through an integrated multidisciplinary team.

Position Summary

The Transition Navigator (TN) partners with youth and emerging adults, along with their families and support systems, to build on strengths, foster resilience, and promote successful transitions into adulthood. Using a person-centered and trauma-informed approach, the TN provides individualized guidance and in-vivo coaching across the five transition domains to support participants in achieving their personal, educational, and career goals.

The TN delivers a range of rehabilitative and case management services, including prevention planning, skill development, vocational and educational support, employment readiness, and connection to community resources. This role focuses on empowering participants to develop independence, enhance life skills, and overcome barriers related to mental health and life transitions. Working collaboratively with internal teams and community partners, the TN helps ensure coordinated, culturally responsive, and strengths-based care.

The TN works under the guidance and supervision of the Director of Transition Services and/or Transition Services Supervisors.

Engagement & Service Coordination

• Build trusting, strengths-based relationships that promote hope, engagement, and self-determination with youth, emerging adults, and families.
• Conduct strengths and needs assessments and co-create individualized Future Plans aligned with transition goals.
• Provide in-vivo coaching and real-world skill building to strengthen daily living, social, emotional, and problem-solving skills.
• Coordinate care and advocate across mental health, education, vocational, housing, medical, legal, and community service systems.
• Collaborate effectively with caregivers, providers, schools, courts, and community partners to ensure integrated support.

Documentation & Compliance

• Maintain accurate, timely, and compliant documentation, service records, and outcome data within electronic systems.
• Utilize technology efficiently and uphold confidentiality and ethical standards.
• Manage multiple responsibilities with strong organization and attention to detail in a fast-paced environment.

Safety & Crisis Support

• Identify strengths and barriers, screen for risk behaviors, and apply TIP methods to promote stability and resilience.
• Provide trauma-informed, culturally responsive services that support emotional regulation, decision-making, and healthy coping.
• Respond calmly and effectively in high-stress or crisis situations to ensure participant safety and well-being.

Professional Contribution & Growth

• Demonstrate knowledge of human development, behavioral health, trauma-informed care, and strengths-based practices.
• Participate actively in team meetings, service planning, and ongoing training and professional development.
• Communicate professionally, contribute to a respectful team culture, and adapt positively to change.
• Maintain flexibility to work occasional non-traditional hours and travel throughout the Tri-County area with reliable transportation.

Minimum Qualifications

• Bachelor’s degree in Social Work, Psychology, Human Services, or a related health and human services field.
• Current State of Michigan Limited or Full Social Work License (LLBSW or LBSW) preferred.
• Experience supporting youth and/or emerging adults with emotional, behavioral, or mental health needs.
• Experience working with young people involved in foster care, juvenile justice, or other child- and family-serving systems.
• Relevant internship, practicum, or field placement experience in health or human services settings.

Additional Work Requirements

• Maintain a valid, unrestricted driver’s license, current vehicle registration, and automobile insurance, along with reliable personal transportation suitable for safely transporting program participants.
• Consistently demonstrate professionalism and adhere to the NASW Code of Ethics and TNFC’s Code of Ethics and Conduct in all interactions and responsibilities.
• Support team and program needs by completing additional duties and responsibilities as assigned.

Company Description

Personal Injury boutique Birmingham, MI lawfirm. Excellent working environment.

Role Description

This is an on-site, full-time role for a Legal Secretary based in Birmingham, MI. The Legal Secretary will be responsible for providing administrative support to attorneys, preparing legal documents, managing legal calendars, and maintaining accurate client files. Responsibilities also include handling correspondence, coordinating court filings, scheduling appointments, and performing general clerical duties. The candidate will serve as a vital resource for ensuring the office runs efficiently and professionally in adherence to legal practices.

Qualifications

• Strong knowledge and expertise in law, with the ability to assist with legal-related tasks including research and understanding legal terminology
• Experience with legal document preparation and familiarity with legal procedures
• Proficiency in clerical skills, such as organizing, filing, and managing office tasks
• Competence in managing diaries, scheduling appointments, and keeping track of deadlines and court dates
• Exceptional organizational skills and attention to detail
• Excellent verbal and written communication skills
• Proficiency in using legal and office software tools
• A bachelor's degree or relevant certification in a legal-related field is a plus
• Previous experience in a similar role within a law firm or legal environment is advantageous