Jobs in Pittsfield, MA

Department/Unit:

Colorectal Surgery & Urology - C2

Work Shift:

Night (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$83,200.00 - $93,184.00

Colorectal Surgery & Urology:

The Colorectal Surgery and Urology Unit consists of 22 semi-private rooms. This Post-Surgical setting cares for patients that have undergone colorectal and urologic surgery.

Procedures performed on unit:

Assist with chest tube insertion, central lines, wound vac changes, NG, Cortrak, catheter, indwelling catheters.

The Registered Professional Nurse assesses, coordinates, plans, directs, implements and manages the needs of assigned patients throughout the episode of care with a focus on progress toward discharge, including during transitions within the acute care stay. The nurse assures that competent, compassionate patient care is uniformly provided to customers including referring facilities, hospital staff and patients in the inpatient, ambulatory, and community settings.

Essential Duties & Responsibilities include but not limited to: 
•    Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations. 
•    Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions. 
•    Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered. 
•    Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions. 
•    Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered. 
•    Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients. 
•    Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing. 
 
Minimum Qualifications: 
•    Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or Baccalaureate Degree is conferred 
•    Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license 
•    Obtains and maintains certification in BLS/ACLS/PALS/TNCC 
•    Ability to improve job performance through continuing education 

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Adult Cardiac Cath Lab

Work Shift:

Day (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$88,192.00 - $136,697.60Registered Nurse (RN)
Adult Cardiac Catheterization Lab
Albany, NY

The Registered Professional Nurse assesses, coordinates, plans, directs, implements and manages the needs of assigned patients throughout the episode of care with a focus on progress toward discharge, including during transitions within the acute care stay. The Registered Professional Nurse is responsible for the delivery and coordination of patient care provided by the caregiving team. S/he assures that competent, compassionate patient care is uniformly provided to customers including referring facilities, hospital staff and patients in the inpatient, ambulatory, and community settings.

Essential Duties & Responsibilities include but not limited to: 
•    Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations. 
•    Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions. 
•    Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered. 
•    Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions. 
•    Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses. 
•    Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered. 
•    Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients. 
•    Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing. 
 
Minimum Qualifications: 
•    Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or Baccalaureate Degree is conferred. 
•    Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license 
•    Obtains and maintains certification in Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)  
•    Minimum of 1-3 years of clinical RN experience is required 
•    Minimum of 1 year of Telemetry or ICU experience is required 
•    Ability to improve job performance through continuing education. 
•    Possesses knowledge of quality concepts, principles, and problem-solving tools and techniques and demonstrates ability to apply in support of departmental and patient care quality improvement. 
 
The Cardiac Catheterization laboratory (Cath Lab) consists of three (3) laboratories and a fourteen (14) bay holding area. One (1) Cath Lab is equipped with high tech ultrasound and state-of-the-art Imaging and Anesthesia equipment where complex structural heart cases are performed. The Cardiac Catheterization laboratory also performs diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for the adult and pediatric patients under the supervision of our Medical Director. The staff consists of a blend of personnel including RPN, Medical Imaging Technicians and Certified Vascular Technicians. 
Some of the disease types commonly treated are: 
•    Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease 
•    Vascular Disease 
•    Peripheral Vascular Disease 
•    Congenital Heart Disease 
 
Albany Medical Center Cardiac Catheterization laboratory also has a robust Structural Heart Program where, on a weekly basis, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) procedures and treating Left Atrial Appendage with catheter-based devices are performed in both in the Cath Lab and the Operating Room.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Elective Orthopedics - B3W

Work Shift:

Night (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$83,200.00 - $93,184.00Job Description Summary

The Clinical Nurse contributes to the creation of a compassionate and caring environment for patients, families and colleagues through displays of kindness and active listening. Recognizes and appreciates that each employee’s work is valuable and contributes to the success of the Mission.

Clinical Nurse

Job Description

• Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations.
• Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions.
• Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered.
• Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions.
• Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered.
• Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients.
• Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing.

Minimum Qualifications

• Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or Baccalaureate Degree is conferred
• Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license
• Obtains and maintains certification in Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
• Minimum of 1-3 years of previous clinical RN experience in Med-Surg or Progressive Care
• Excellent communication, prioritization, organizational and time-management skills
• Possesses knowledge of quality concepts, principles, and problem-solving tools and techniques and demonstrates ability to apply in support of departmental and patient care quality improvement.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Critical Care Float Pool

Work Shift:

Float Pool_5_Day (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$83,200.00 - $93,184.00Join the dynamic team in the Albany Medical Center Critical Care Float Pool today! An opportunity to gain and practice critical care skills in the following areas: Neuro-Surgical Trauma ICU, Medical ICU, Coronary Care Unit, Cardiovascular ICU , and our intermediate care ICU- the MSICU.

RNs in the Critical Care Float pool also have the opportunity to gain additional competencies in Emergency Department care and neuro-progressive care areas.
 
You will have the opportunity to work in all the Critical Care areas at the Region’s only Level I trauma center.  Consider joining this dynamic, highly skilled Nursing team today!

The Clinical Nurse contributes to the creation of a compassionate and caring environment for patients, families and colleagues through displays of kindness and active listening. Recognizes and appreciates that each employee’s work is valuable and contributes to the success of the Mission.

Job Description:

• Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures 
  and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal 
  rules and regulations.
• Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions.
• Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered.
• Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions.
• Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered.
• Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients.
• Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing.

Qualifications:
• Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or 
  Baccalaureate Degree is conferred
• Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license
• Obtains and maintains certification in Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support 
  (ACLS)
• Minimum of 1-3 years of previous clinical RN experience in Med-Surg or Progressive Care
• Excellent communication, prioritization, organizational and time-management skills
• Possesses knowledge of quality concepts, principles, and problem-solving tools and techniques 
  and demonstrates ability to apply in support of departmental and patient care quality improvement.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Orthopedics & Spine Unit-M2

Work Shift:

Night (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$83,200.00 - $93,184.00The clinical Nurse contributes to the creation of a compassionate and caring environment for patients, families and colleagues through displays of kindness and active listening. Recognizes and appreciates that each employee’s work is valuable and contributes to the success of the Mission.

• Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations.
• Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered.
• Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions.
• Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered.
• Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients.
• Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Infectious Disease Med/Surg Unit

Work Shift:

Day (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$83,200.00 - $93,184.00The Clinical Nurse contributes to the creation of a compassionate and caring environment for patients, families and colleagues through displays of kindness and active listening. Recognizes and appreciates that each employee’s work is valuable and contributes to the success of the Mission.

Job Description

• Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations.
• Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions.
• Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered.
• Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions.
• Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered.
• Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients.
• Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing.

​Minimum Qualifications

• Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or Baccalaureate Degree is conferred
• Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license
• Obtains and maintains certification in Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
• Minimum of 1-3 years of previous clinical RN experience in Med-Surg or Progressive Care
• Excellent communication, prioritization, organizational and time-management skills
• Possesses knowledge of quality concepts, principles, and problem-solving tools and techniques and demonstrates ability to apply in support of departmental and patient care quality improvement.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Labor & Delivery - D6E

Work Shift:

Night (United States of America)

Salary Range:

The clinical Nurse contributes to the creation of a compassionate and caring environment for patients, families and colleagues through displays of kindness and active listening. Recognizes and appreciates that each employee’s work is valuable and contributes to the success of the Mission.

Job Description

• Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations.
• Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions.
• Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered.
• Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions.
• Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered.
• Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients.
• Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing.

Minimum Qualifications

• Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or Baccalaureate Degree is conferred
• Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license
• Obtains and maintains certification in Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
• Minimum of 1-3 years of previous clinical RN experience in Med-Surg or Progressive Care
• Excellent communication, prioritization, organizational and time-management skills
• Possesses knowledge of quality concepts, principles, and problem-solving tools and techniques and demonstrates ability to apply in support of departmental and patient care quality improvement.

Please note this position has a weekend and holiday requirement.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Float Pool

Work Shift:

Float Pool_12_Night (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$83,200.00 - $93,184.00The Med Surg Float Pool Nurse floats to medicine, post-surgical, and emergency departments

The Clinical Nurse assesses, coordinates, plans, directs, implements and manages the needs of assigned patients throughout the episode of care with a focus on progress toward discharge, including during transitions within the acute care stay. The Clinical Nurse is responsible for the delivery and coordination of patient care provided by the caregiving team. S/he assures that competent, compassionate patient care is uniformly provided to customers including referring facilities, hospital staff and patients in the inpatient, ambulatory, and community settings.

Hourly Range: $36.73 - $60.93

Essential Duties & Responsibilities include but not limited to:

• Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations.
• Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions.
• Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered.
• Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions.
• Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered.
• Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients.
• Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing.

Minimum Qualifications:

• Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or Baccalaureate Degree is conferred.
• Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license
• Obtains and maintains certification in Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)
• Minimum of 1-3 years of clinical RN experience is required
• Minimum of 1 year of Telemetry or ICU experience is required
• Ability to improve job performance through continuing education.
• Possesses knowledge of quality concepts, principles, and problem-solving tools and techniques and demonstrates ability to apply in support of departmental and patient care quality improvement.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Vascular Surgery - M5

Work Shift:

Night (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$83,200.00 - $93,184.00Albany Medical Center is the first hospital in the US to be verified by the Society of Vascular Surgeons and the American College of Surgeons as a Comprehensive Vascular Surgical Center. There are two Vascular Surgery Units at AlbanyMed. The primary disease focus includes patients with vascular disease and other surgical patients requiring telemetry monitoring. The patients frequently encountered may be acute or chronically ill with multiple co-morbidities and/or in hypercoagulable states. The age of this population ranges between 18 and 90+ with the majority of the patients between 45-65 years. Plans of care frequently used include but are not limited to: Carotid Endarterectomy, Lower Extremity Revascularization, Renal Stenting, and Vascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm repairs.
 

The clinical Nurse contributes to the creation of a compassionate and caring environment for patients, families and colleagues through displays of kindness and active listening. Recognizes and appreciates that each employee’s work is valuable and contributes to the success of the Mission.

Job Description

• Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations.
• Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions.
• Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered.
• Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions.
• Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered.
• Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients.
• Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing.

Minimum Qualifications

• Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or Baccalaureate Degree is conferred
• Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license
• Obtains and maintains certification in Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
• Minimum of 1-3 years of previous clinical RN experience in Med-Surg or Progressive Care
• Excellent communication, prioritization, organizational and time-management skills
• Possesses knowledge of quality concepts, principles, and problem-solving tools and techniques and demonstrates ability to apply in support of departmental and patient care quality improvement.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.

Department/Unit:

Labor & Delivery - D6E

Work Shift:

Day (United States of America)

Salary Range:

$88,192.00 - $136,697.60The clinical Nurse contributes to the creation of a compassionate and caring environment for patients, families and colleagues through displays of kindness and active listening. Recognizes and appreciates that each employee’s work is valuable and contributes to the success of the Mission.

• Implements physician orders, administers medications, starts IVs, performs treatments, procedures and special tests, and document treatment as required by company policy and local/state/federal rules and regulations.
• Orders, interprets, and evaluates diagnostic tests to identify and assess patients' conditions.
• Assesses and evaluates patient needs for, and responses to, care rendered.
• Applies sound nursing judgment in patient care management decisions.
• Provides primary and emergency care for occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses.
• Administers over-the-counter and prescription medications as ordered.
• Collaborates with the nursing team to create a Plan of Care for all patients.
• Directs and guides ancillary personnel and maintain standards of professional nursing.

Minimum Requirements:

• Graduate of a professional academic nursing program in which a Diploma, Associate Degree or Baccalaureate Degree is conferred
• Must hold current NYS Registered Nurse license
• Obtains and maintains certification in Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
• Minimum of 1-3 years of previous clinical RN experience in Med-Surg or Progressive Care
• Excellent communication, prioritization, organizational and time-management skills
• Possesses knowledge of quality concepts, principles, and problem-solving tools and techniques and demonstrates ability to apply in support of departmental and patient care quality improvement.

Thank you for your interest in Albany Medical Center!​

Albany Medical is an equal opportunity employer.

This role may require access to information considered sensitive to Albany Medical Center, its patients, affiliates, and partners, including but not limited to HIPAA Protected Health Information and other information regulated by Federal and New York State statutes. Workforce members are expected to ensure that:

Access to information is based on a “need to know” and is the minimum necessary to properly perform assigned duties. Use or disclosure shall not exceed the minimum amount of information needed to accomplish an intended purpose. Reasonable efforts, consistent with Albany Med Center policies and standards, shall be made to ensure that information is adequately protected from unauthorized access and modification.